PHARMACODYNAMICS

Pharmacodynamics involves the study of following EXCEPT:

Pharmacodynamics involves the study of following?

Pharmacodynamics involves the following?

Pick out the answer which is the most appropriate to the term “receptor”

What does “affinity” mean?

Target proteins which a drug molecule binds are:

An agonist is a substance that:

If an agonist can produce maximal effects and has high efficacy it’s called:

If an agonist can produce sub-maximal effects and has moderate efficacy it’s called:

An antagonist is a substance that:

A competitive antagonist is a substance that:

The substance binding to one receptor sub-type as an agonist and to another as an antagonist is called:

Irreversible interaction of an antagonist with a receptor is due to:

Mechanisms of trans-membrane signaling are the following EXCEPT:

Select the second messenger of G-protein-coupled (metabotropic) receptor:

Select the substance which changes the activity of an effector element but doesn’t belong to second messengers:

The increase of second messengers’ (cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+ etc.) concentration leads to:

Select the substances whose mechanisms are based on interaction with ion channels

All of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:

Give the definition for a therapeutical dose:

Pick out the correct definition of a toxic dose:

Which effect may lead to toxic reactions when a drug is taken continuously or repeatedly?

What term is used to describe a more gradual decrease in responsiveness to a drug, taking days or weeks to develop?

What term is used to describe a decrease in responsiveness to a drug which develops in a few minutes?

Tachyphylaxis is:

Drug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs. This consideration is:

Tolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of:

Tolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of:

Tolerance develops because of:

Dependence is often associated with tolerance to a drug, a physical abstinence syndrome, and psychological dependence (craving). This consideration is:

The situation when failure to continue administering the drug results in serious psychological and somatic disturbances is called?

What is the type of drug-to-drug interaction which is connected with processes of absorption, biotransformation, distribution and excretion?

What is the type of drug-to-drug interaction which is the result of interaction at receptor, cell, enzyme or organ level?

What phenomenon can occur in case of using a combination of drugs?

If two drugs with the same effect, taken together, produce an effect that is equal in magnitude to the sum of the effects of the drugs given individually, it is called as:

What does the term “potentiation” mean?

The types of antagonism are:

The term “chemical antagonism” means that:

A teratogenic action is:

Characteristic unwanted reaction which isn’t related to a dose or to a pharmacodynamic property of a drug is called:

Idiosyncratic reaction of a drug is:

Therapeutic index (TI) is: